Step down transformers is used to lower the transmitted voltage near the load centers. This is where step-up transformers are used. In order to minimize transmission losses, the generated voltage is raised to higher voltages. Transformers are available in various sizes, forms and structures but the basic principle remains the same.Įlectric power is generated at the generating station at medium voltages (6.6kV, 11kV, 33kV). In order to ensure effective linking of magnetic flux, the core (the structure that supports the windings) is made up of highly permeable iron or steel alloy.
If the primary voltage is greater than the secondary voltage then the transformer is called step down transformer. If the secondary voltage is greater than the primary voltage, the transformer is called step-up transformer. The voltage transformation ratio is given by: Any ratio of voltage transformation is possible and can be achieved by properly proportioning the number of primary and secondary turns. The ratio of the number of primary turns and the secondary turns is known as the turns ratio of the transformer. This flux links with the secondary winding and induces a voltage proportional to the number of secondary turns. When connected, an alternating magnetic flux is produced at amplitude proportional to the magnitude of the applied voltage, frequency and the number of turns. The alternating voltage is connected to the primary winding. Transformers are used to transform alternating current from one voltage level to another voltage level. Rotating Electric machines – Motors (convert electrical energy to mechanical energy) and Generators (convert mechanical energy to electrical energy)Īny static device that can transfer alternating current from one circuit to another circuit by electro-magnetic induction can be considered as a transformer.Static Electric machines – Transformers.Principle of operation of induction motorsīasically electric machines are classified into.Induction motors or Asynchronous motors.Principle of operation of synchronous machines.Speed torque characteristics of DC motors.
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